Italy’s summer nutrition guide for children and adults

A balanced diet is essential for children’s growth, and summer heat can make them lose appetite or turn to sugary snacks, increasing obesity risk. Health experts advise keeping a regular schedule of breakfast, two main meals and two light snacks, emphasizing fruit, vegetables, water and low‑sugar drinks. Meals should be varied but not heavy; breakfast can include savory options like bread, lean cheese or tomatoes, and snacks should focus on fresh fruit, smoothies or light fruit‑based treats. Parents are urged to limit off‑schedule eating and replace sugary sodas with plain or lightly flavored water, homemade iced tea or citrus‑infused water to prevent dehydration.

Physiologically, higher temperatures cause the body to divert blood to the skin for cooling, making large meals less attractive because digestion generates additional heat. Hormones that regulate hunger, such as ghrelin and leptin, are also affected, leading to a natural reduction in appetite. Studies cited in Nutrients and the International Journal of Biometeorology show that heat waves tend to lower daily caloric intake, while cooler weather increases it. The guidance recommends lighter, water‑rich foods like salads, fruit, and yogurt to stay hydrated and maintain energy without overloading the digestive system.