Japan considers nuclear-powered submarines amid regional tensions

Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi has indicated that the government will conduct “concrete and realistic” discussions regarding the introduction of nuclear-powered submarines into the Self-Defense Forces. This potential shift in defense policy is expected to be included in discussions for the security-related three documents scheduled for revision at the end of the year.

The move comes as China increases its naval presence in the Pacific, utilizing nuclear-powered submarines that can remain submerged for extended periods. China has reportedly deployed over 60 submarines, including several nuclear-powered vessels, and recently conducted a submarine-launched ballistic missile test in the Pacific.

While nuclear propulsion would enhance deterrence and cooperation with the United States, significant challenges remain. The cost of a single nuclear submarine is estimated at approximately 1 trillion yen, roughly ten times the cost of conventional models. Additionally, developing naval reactors and training specialized crews could take over a decade. Japan currently restricts nuclear use to peaceful purposes under the Atomic Energy Basic Act.