Japan's Hikikomori Youth Isolation Phenomenon Gains Global Attention

The hikikomori syndrome, first identified in Japan, describes extreme social withdrawal where adolescents and young adults remain isolated at home for weeks, months or years, interacting mainly through screens. In Japan the condition affects about 1%‑2% of teenagers, while prevalence elsewhere remains unclear.

Psychiatrist Alfredo Maluf of Brazil's Einstein Hospital Israelita notes that hikikomori is not yet a distinct diagnosis in the ICD or DSM‑5 and is usually classified under internet or gaming addiction. It can appear as a primary disorder or secondary to depression, anxiety, social phobia, schizophrenia, autism spectrum traits or ADHD. Risk factors include low self‑esteem, bullying, childhood trauma, dysfunctional families and intense screen use.

The phenomenon was a topic at the Encéphale 2026 conference in France, highlighting its growing relevance for mental‑health professionals worldwide.