Joel Mokyr identifies two conditions for sustainable development

Nobel laureate in economics Joel Mokyr posits that serious and sustainable development requires two fundamental conditions: cultural unity and the absence of censorship. Cultural unity is described as an open intellectual community focused on science and technology, where research and development function through a synergy of theory and practice without ideological constraints.

The second condition, the absence of censorship, is linked to reducing state interference. The discussion notes that achieving these ideals is difficult within the current framework of nation-states and political divisions. The text also references Hans H. Hoppe’s concept of subcontinental re-division into smaller, technologically integrated entities to address European weakness caused by ideological, cultural, and migratory fractures.