Jonathan the tortoise's DNA reveals secrets of extreme longevity

Scientists studying Jonathan, an Aldabra giant tortoise estimated to be approximately 194 years old, have identified unique genetic traits that may explain his extraordinary longevity. As the world’s oldest known terrestrial animal, Jonathan resides on the island of St Helena, where he has lived since 1882.

A study published in the journal Science Advances reveals that Jonathan’s genome contains 287 specific genetic variations associated with protective mechanisms against aging. These include enhanced capabilities in DNA repair, insulin regulation, mitochondrial function, and telomere maintenance. Researchers noted that his cellular systems, particularly his mitochondria, appear to maintain a more youthful functional state despite his advanced age.

Furthermore, research published in BioScience suggests that tortoises exhibit an unusually low incidence of cancer, defying the ‘Peto’s Paradox’ which typically suggests that larger, longer-lived animals face higher cancer risks due to increased cell counts. The findings provide a biological blueprint for cellular resilience and offer insights into how organisms manage genetic damage and metabolic stability over nearly two centuries.