KAIST researchers develop anode-free lithium-metal battery design

Researchers from KAIST, Kyungpook National University, and the National NanoFab Center have developed an anode-free lithium-metal battery design that could significantly increase the range and energy density of electric vehicles.

By utilizing semiconductor manufacturing techniques, specifically secondary sputtering lithography, the team created microscopic tube-shaped structures on a copper current collector. These structures increase the surface area for lithium deposition by approximately four times compared to flat copper, which helps lithium spread more evenly. This prevents the formation of dendrites—sharp, branching structures that can damage batteries and shorten their lifespan.

Additionally, the researchers applied an ultra-thin MXene coating to the copper to act as a primer for a protective layer. This helps reduce unwanted reactions between the lithium and electrolyte. Unlike previous methods that added excess lithium or thick protective films to extend battery life—which increased weight and size—this approach maintains the lightweight advantages of anode-free designs.