KAIST researchers develop technology to extend anode-free lithium metal battery life

A joint research team from KAIST, Kyungpook National University, and the National NanoFab Center has developed a new manufacturing technology to extend the lifespan of anode-free lithium metal batteries. This technology addresses the critical issue of dendrite formation—needle-like lithium growths that cause battery degradation and safety risks.

Unlike traditional lithium-ion batteries that use graphite anodes, anode-free batteries deposit lithium directly onto a thin copper plate to reduce weight and volume. To prevent uneven lithium accumulation, the researchers applied a semiconductor-based ‘second sputtering lithography’ (SSL) process to create microscopic tube-like structures on the copper surface. This increases the lithium contact area by approximately four times compared to flat plates.

Additionally, the team applied an ultra-thin layer of MXene, a two-dimensional material, to the copper plate. This layer acts as a primer that facilitates the natural formation of a robust lithium fluoride (LiF) protective shield during operation. This shield minimizes unnecessary reactions between lithium and electrolytes while suppressing dendrite growth. The study, published in ‘Advanced Functional Materials’, aims to advance the practical application of high-energy-density batteries for electric vehicles, drones, and energy storage systems.