Karachi urban expansion triggers heat and infrastructure crises

Rapid urbanization in Karachi has led to a 32 per cent increase in the city's built-up area since 2010, now covering more than 1,400 square kilometers. Satellite analysis from the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) indicates that the conversion of agricultural land, grazing areas, and open spaces into concrete surfaces is intensifying the urban heat island effect and reducing natural water absorption.

Urban planner M Toheed, associated with the Institute of Business Administration (IBA), noted that the city has lost approximately 40 per cent of its green cover over the last 15 years. This loss of vegetation, combined with rising humidity and concrete surfaces that retain heat, increases the risk of heat-related illnesses and higher cooling costs for residents.

The expansion also poses significant risks to infrastructure. SUPARCO warns that building over natural ground increases the likelihood of flooding during heavy monsoon rainfall, as seen during record rainfall events in 2020. Additionally, the city faces growing pressure on electricity, water, and drainage networks, with reports of prolonged power outages in various districts.