Kidney function decline risks and essential health indicators

Kidney function begins to decline as early as the 20s due to the gradual loss of nephrons, with significant functional decreases often occurring by the 40s. Research conducted by Professor Makoto Kuroo at Jichi Medical University involving 300 healthy individuals aged 45 and older revealed that one in four participants exceeded hormone threshold levels indicating a high probability of developing renal failure within five years.

To monitor kidney health, medical experts emphasize two primary indicators: serum creatinine and urinary protein. While creatinine levels are used to calculate the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), they alone may not provide a complete picture. Monitoring urinary protein is also essential, as a decline in glomerular filtration allows protein to leak into the urine. For individuals with diabetes, specialized tests such as microalbuminuria tests are recommended to avoid overlooking early signs of decline.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is diagnosed based on specific criteria maintained for over three months, including kidney damage (indicated by protein or albumin in urine) or a decreased GFR below 60 mL/min/1.73m². If left unmanaged, advanced stages can lead to end-stage renal failure, requiring dialysis or transplantation.