Kīlauea volcano scientists monitor magma chemistry and lava fountain heights

Scientists monitoring the Kīlauea volcano are investigating whether the current eruptive cycle is entering a new growth phase characterized by taller lava fountains. Since the episodic eruption began on December 23, 2024, lava fountains have reached heights between 130 and 1,770 feet.

Research from the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory suggests a correlation between magma chemistry and fountain height. Specifically, higher concentrations of magnesium oxide (MgO) in tephra samples appear to coincide with taller fountains, indicating hotter, fresher magma. A previous drop in fountain height at episode 44 coincided with a decrease in MgO and the appearance of new olivine crystals, suggesting a period of magma differentiation or a decrease in magma supply.

As of recent updates, a period of deflation has delayed the onset of episode 53. The USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory has adjusted the forecast window for the next episode to between Tuesday, August 11th, and Thursday, August 14th.