Kuélap archaeological site yields fertility ritual figurines

Archaeologists have discovered stone figurines, known as ‘illas’, at the Kuélap fortress in the Amazonas region of Peru. These small lithic sculptures represent animals with female sexual characteristics and are believed to have been used in rituals related to fertility, abundance, and protection.

The Ministry of Culture of Peru reported that these pieces share characteristics with ‘conopas’, stone sculptures often shaped like camelids. Historically, such objects were used to ensure the well-being of domestic groups, protecting livestock and crops. Some conopas served as tutelary entities within families, featuring cavities where offerings like coca leaves, camelid fat, or chicha were deposited.

Beyond domestic use, research suggests these objects played a role in the political-religious dynamics of the Inca State, helping to strengthen ties between families, sacred sites (huacas), and state power through concepts of reciprocity and balance.