Liver health: Risks from sugar, supplements, and paracetamol

Liver health is influenced by more than just alcohol consumption; common substances such as industrial sugars, certain medications, and dietary supplements can also impact liver function. While the liver chemically modifies molecules to facilitate elimination rather than simply storing toxins, excessive intake of certain substances can damage hepatic cells.

Paracetamol is a significant concern regarding accidental overdose. To prevent acute liver failure, the French National Health Insurance (Assurance Maladie) recommends adults take the lowest effective dose, with a maximum of 500 mg to 1 g per dose, a minimum interval of 4 to 6 hours, and a daily limit of 3 g without medical advice. Risks increase when combining multiple medications containing paracetamol, such as those for colds or pain.

Other contributors to liver strain include excessive fructose and sugar found in ultra-processed foods, sodas, and snacks. These can lead to hepatic steatosis (fatty liver), which may progress to fibrosis or cirrhosis if left unmanaged. Because liver issues often present without immediate pain, biological disruptions may only appear after significant damage has occurred.