Liver health: The role of vitamins and risks of medication overuse

The liver performs essential functions, including processing food, storing energy, and removing harmful substances from the blood. While the organ has the ability to repair and regrow healthy tissue, long-lasting damage can lead to permanent scarring.

Certain vitamins and nutrients are linked to liver health. Vitamin E has been studied for its ability to improve signs of liver injury in some adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, though high doses may cause unwanted effects. Vitamin D levels are often low in those with long-term liver disease, and Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant that may protect cells, though evidence is currently insufficient to make it a standard treatment. B vitamins, particularly thiamine, are also critical for those with nutritional deficiencies or high alcohol consumption.

Liver damage can be caused by factors beyond alcohol, including metabolic conditions, infections, and certain medications. Overuse of acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a significant risk; the FDA advises not exceeding 4,000 mg in 24 hours to avoid liver failure. Additionally, some herbal and dietary supplements have been linked to drug-induced liver injury, with the NIH’s LiverTox database documenting risks associated with various products, including ashwagandha.