Lupus management and the challenges of lupus nephritis

Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks healthy cells, causing inflammation in various organs including the skin, joints, heart, and kidneys. In Brazil, the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology estimates that between 150,000 and 300,000 people live with the condition. Approximately half of these patients may develop lupus nephritis, an inflammation of the kidneys that can lead to irreversible loss of renal function if not properly managed.

Diagnosis can be difficult because symptoms may initially be imperceptible. Management focuses on protecting kidney function and reducing long-term exposure to corticosteroids. Treatment approaches include various medications such as corticosteroids, antimalarials (like hydroxychloroquine), immunosuppressants, and immunomodulators. Additionally, lifestyle management—including regular exercise, psychotherapy, and strict use of sunscreen to prevent skin lesions—is essential for improving quality of life and reducing complications like cardiovascular disease.