Male breast cancer risks and detection challenges

Male breast cancer accounts for approximately 0.8% of all breast cancer cases. Medical experts note that while less common than in women, the disease in men is often diagnosed at more advanced stages, specifically stages 2, 3, and 4.

Key risk factors for men include genetic predispositions, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, and a family history of breast cancer in female relatives. Other contributing factors include Klinefelter syndrome, certain liver or testicular anomalies, and previous chest wall radiotherapy. Lifestyle factors such as obesity, metabolic diseases, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption also increase risk.

The most frequent type in men is ductal carcinoma. Common symptoms include a firm lump near the nipple, which may be accompanied by pain or discharge. While prognosis at the same stage is comparable to women, early detection is critical for improving outcomes. Treatment typically involves surgery for stages 0 through 3, while stage 4 treatment focuses on systemic medications.