Mandatory vehicle insurance requirements and penalties in Poland

In Poland, mandatory third-party liability insurance (OC) is required for all mechanical vehicles, including cars, motorcycles, trucks, and agricultural tractors. Regardless of the premium price, the scope of protection is legally standardized and remains the same for all insurers. For 2026, the guaranteed sums for property damage are set at 6,021,600 PLN, while personal injury coverage is set at 29,876,400 PLN per event.

Driving without valid insurance carries significant financial risks. Drivers must cover all repair or medical costs out of pocket and face penalties from the Insurance Guarantee Fund (UFG). These penalties are calculated based on the minimum wage. For passenger cars, the fine can reach twice the minimum wage, while for trucks and buses, it can be up to three times the minimum wage. The severity of the fine also depends on the duration of the insurance gap, with penalties increasing from 20% to 100% of the maximum amount depending on whether the lapse lasts more than three days.