Marine plants sustain Mediterranean Sea ecosystems

Marine plants, specifically seagrasses, play a critical role in the health of the Mediterranean Sea ecosystem. Unlike algae, these plants possess complex structures including roots, rhizomes, leaves, flowers, and fruits.

Posidonia oceanica is a primary species that forms extensive underwater meadows on sandy seabeds. These meadows act as underwater forests, providing oxygen, stabilizing sediments, protecting coasts from erosion, and serving as vital habitats for numerous marine species. They also contribute to blue carbon sequestration by accumulating organic matter in sediments.

Another notable species is Cymodocea nodosa, which grows in shallower sandy areas. While forming less dense meadows than Posidonia, it provides essential refuge for small fish, mollusks, and crustaceans. These ecosystems face various threats, including coastal urbanization, pollution, climate change, fishing, and anchoring.