Maritime chokepoints underpin global economic security

Global maritime corridors, often referred to as straits or channels, serve as critical pillars for the world economy. According to estimates from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the World Trade Organization, over 80% of global merchandise trade by volume is transported via sea. In 2025, approximately 12,783 million tons of goods were moved by sea.

Energy security is a primary concern within these routes, as between one-quarter and one-third of maritime cargo consists of oil and its derivatives. Because nearly 95% of global cargo transport remains dependent on fossil fuels, ensuring the free transit of petroleum is a major geopolitical priority for global powers.

The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) identifies certain vulnerable areas as “chokepoints.” Any disruption in these narrow passages forces vessels to use longer, more expensive routes, which can trigger inflation, increase energy prices, and impact economic growth for nations far from the incident. The Strait of Malacca is noted as a significant passage connecting the Indian and Pacific Oceans.