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[INTERNATIONAL] · Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, Pakistan, Greece, Israel · 7 sources

Saudi Arabia, Turkiye, and Pakistan sign Mecca Joint Defence Agreement

Saudi Arabia, Turkiye, and Pakistan have signed the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement, a pact establishing a collective deterrence framework. Under the terms of the agreement, an armed attack on any one of the three signatory nations will be treated as an attack on all members.

The alliance brings together significant military capabilities. According to the 2026 Global Firepower Index, the three nations possess a combined force of approximately 1.4 million active military personnel, 3,415 aircraft, 6,046 tanks, and over 340 naval assets. The bloc includes Pakistan, the only nuclear-armed Muslim nation in the group, alongside Turkiye, which holds NATO's second-largest military, and Saudi Arabia, a major global oil exporter.

Regional reactions have been varied. Greek media reports suggest the pact is forcing Athens to re-evaluate its strategies in the Middle East and North Africa, potentially impacting projects like the IMEC corridor. Analysts suggest the move reflects a shift toward regional self-reliance as nations question the effectiveness of the United States' security umbrella in the Middle East. Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan has framed the initiative as an effort to bring stability to a region that has lacked it since the Ottoman era.

Entities

Hakan Fidan · Mecca Defense Pact · Mohammed bin Salman · Pakistan · Saudi Arabia · Turkey · Türkiye

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