Influenza resistance factors and upcoming universal vaccine

Georgia Gioula, a professor of Medical Biopathology-Microbiology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and director of the National Reference Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses of Northern Greece, has detailed why individuals respond differently to the influenza virus.

Key factors influencing susceptibility include genetic profiles, immunological memory, and the nasal microbiome. Research suggests that specific genes may prevent the virus from entering cells, while certain genetic mutations can weaken immune cells, making it harder for the body to process and eliminate the pathogen.

Gioula noted that being asymptomatic does not mean an individual is not infected or cannot transmit the virus. While symptomatic patients typically shed a higher viral load and are more contagious, asymptomatic carriers still play a role in transmission. Additionally, the influenza virus constantly mutates, meaning different individuals may be exposed to different strains even during the same epidemic period.

Looking forward, Gioula estimates that a universal influenza vaccine could be available within the next five years. This vaccine would provide coverage against all types of the virus and offer protection lasting longer than one year, though the exact duration of such protection is still under investigation.