Medical guidance on dangerous heart rate fluctuations

Medical experts have provided guidance on identifying dangerous heart rate fluctuations, distinguishing between physiological norms and pathological conditions.

Regarding low heart rates (bradycardia), cardiologist Evgeny Kukin notes that while rates below 60 beats per minute (bpm) can be normal for professional athletes due to efficient cardiac muscle, it may indicate issues in others. A heart rate dropping below 40 bpm during wakefulness, especially when accompanied by low blood pressure, is considered critical. Sudden changes, such as a drop to below 30 bpm, require immediate medical attention. Symptoms like dizziness, chest pain, confusion, or fainting are decisive indicators for urgent consultation.

In the context of physical activity, an elevated heart rate is a natural response to oxygen demand. However, tachycardia becomes concerning when paired with symptoms such as chest pressure, disproportionate shortness of breath, dizziness, or irregular palpitations. While maximum heart rate can be roughly estimated by subtracting age from 220, individuals with pre-existing conditions should follow specific ranges prescribed by medical professionals, such as those from the American Heart Association. If symptoms like chest pain or fainting occur during exercise, individuals are advised to stop immediately and seek emergency medical assistance.