Medical insights on sports-related hematomas and cardiac drift

Medical experts have provided insights into two common physiological phenomena occurring during physical activity: hematomas and cardiac drift.

Dr. Agil Wahyu Wicaksono from IPB University explained that hematomas differ from ordinary bruising. A hematoma is a localized collection of blood outside blood vessels caused by damage to arteries, veins, or capillaries within muscle tissue. This can result from direct impact in contact sports like football, rugby, or hockey, or from excessive strain that tears muscle fibers. If the muscle's protective layer is torn, blood can spread more widely. Medical attention is necessary if swelling increases rapidly, pain worsens, or movement becomes difficult.

Regarding cardiovascular responses, Dr. Gagah Buana Putra from UMY discussed cardiac drift, which is the gradual increase in heart rate during prolonged exercise even when intensity remains constant. This occurs as body temperature rises and fluid loss through sweat reduces blood volume. To maintain oxygen and blood supply to the muscles, the heart must pump more frequently. This phenomenon is most common in long-duration activities such as marathons or cycling.