Medical researchers develop new treatments for knee osteoarthritis

Researchers are developing new methods to treat knee osteoarthritis, focusing on both minimally invasive procedures and biological tissue regeneration.

A study published in the journal Radiology examined genicular artery embolization (GAE), a minimally invasive technique. The procedure involves inserting a thin catheter to deliver microscopic particles that selectively block abnormal blood vessels around the knee to reduce inflammation. In a study of 194 patients, approximately 80% reported significant clinical improvement in pain, mobility, and quality of life after 12 months, though researchers noted the lack of a control group means further studies are required to confirm efficacy.

Separately, biomedical engineers Clark Hung and Nadeen Chahine at Columbia University are working on the NITRO project, funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. They have developed an experimental 3D-printed biological knee replacement made of living tissue. This approach aims to eliminate the need for metal implants. Early testing showed the biological joint could withstand forces exceeding 100 kilograms without cracks or dysfunction. If scientific and regulatory hurdles are met, preliminary patient tests for advanced osteoarthritis could begin in approximately 18 months.