Mediterranean warming intensifies storms and aviation risks

A study coordinated by the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) indicates that the warming of the Mediterranean Sea is intensifying storm activity and increasing risks for aviation.

Analyzing a severe thunderstorm that impacted Rome-Fiumicino Airport on December 13, 2024, researchers found that while the atmospheric configurations generating these events remain similar to previous decades, the climatic context has shifted. Comparing data from 1979–2000 against 2002–2023, the study shows air temperatures across much of Italy have risen by approximately 2°C, while Mediterranean surface temperatures have increased by about 1.5°C.

This warmer environment provides more heat and moisture to the atmosphere, increasing the energy available for intense thunderstorms. Such events can lead to heavy precipitation, strong wind gusts, sudden changes in wind direction (wind shear), and reduced visibility, all of which pose significant challenges during critical flight phases like takeoff and landing.