Menopause research links estrogen decline to metabolic health risks

Scientific research is uncovering that menopause involves significant metabolic shifts beyond hormonal changes and hot flashes. A decrease in estrogen can alter how the body utilizes and stores energy, affecting fat distribution, glucose management, and lipid levels. These changes may increase the risk of prediabetes, high cholesterol, fatty liver, and cardiovascular diseases.

A study involving over 40,000 women across 18 countries found that those experiencing natural menopause before age 50 faced a 32 percent higher risk of developing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease within the following five years.

Researchers at the University of São Paulo, led by Débora Santos Rocha, are investigating the role of estrogen receptors, specifically ERβ, in metabolic regulation. Using an experimental molecule called DPN to selectively activate the ERβ receptor in rats with lost ovarian function, the study observed favorable changes in glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels.