Menopause symptoms and long-term health implications

Menopause is a natural transition period that can involve significant physical and emotional symptoms. According to the World Health Organization, natural menopause typically occurs between ages 45 and 55, established after 12 consecutive months without menstruation.

Common symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, sleep disturbances, mood swings, irritability, anxiety, fatigue, and changes in sexual desire or vaginal dryness. Medical professionals emphasize that these symptoms should not be dismissed, as they can severely impact a woman's quality of life and daily activities.

Beyond immediate discomfort, the decline in estrogen is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, hormonal shifts may influence the immune system and intestinal homeostasis. Research suggests that the drop in estrogen levels could impact the symptoms and management of chronic autoimmune conditions, such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), due to the role of estrogen receptors in intestinal permeability.