Micronutrients and vitamins play key roles in cardiovascular and nervous system health

Essential micronutrients and vitamins play a critical role in maintaining cardiovascular health and overall bodily functions. Key elements such as magnesium, potassium, calcium, and zinc, along with vitamins C, E, D, and B-complex, help regulate blood pressure, stabilize heart rhythm, and protect against oxidative stress. Specifically, magnesium supplementation of 300–400 mg daily has been linked to lower blood pressure and reduced cardiometabolic risk.

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is equally vital for the nervous system, DNA synthesis, and the production of red blood cells. A deficiency in B12 can lead to serious consequences, including anemia, fatigue, cognitive impairment, and physical symptoms like numbness or palpitations. While B12 is water-soluble and rarely results in classic overdose, excessively high levels in the blood (hypercobalaminemia) may indicate underlying issues such as liver or kidney disease, or certain blood disorders.

Because the body cannot produce B12 independently, it must be obtained through animal products like meat, fish, eggs, and dairy. Individuals following plant-based diets or those with absorption disorders are at a higher risk of deficiency.