Migratory bird patterns face risks from climate shifts

Migratory bird patterns are being observed across various global corridors, highlighting both the biological complexity of these journeys and the emerging risks posed by climate change.

In Veracruz, Mexico, millions of birds utilize the coastal plain as a mandatory migratory corridor. Monitoring by Pro Natura y Aves Rapaces indicates that species such as Mississippi kites, black-shouldered kites, and various aquatic birds are moving from North America toward Central and South America. These birds utilize ascending warm air currents to glide, a strategy that conserves energy during their long flights. This migration is also synchronized with the movement of migratory dragonflies.

In the Strait of Gibraltar, species like swallows and Arctic terns undertake massive journeys. While swallows travel thousands of kilometers, Arctic terns can exceed 70,000 kilometers annually. These birds rely on a combination of solar cues, stars, and geographic landmarks to navigate. However, scientists warn that rising temperatures are creating a mismatch between migratory timing and food availability. If spring arrives earlier, birds may reach their destinations after the peak abundance of insects and caterpillars has already passed, threatening the survival of their offspring.