MIT researchers identify enzyme target to prevent lung cancer

Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have identified an inflammatory enzyme, caspase-1, that could serve as a target for preventing lung cancer. In a study published in Science Advances, scientists demonstrated that blocking this enzyme significantly reduces the development and growth of lung tumors in mice.

While smoking remains a primary risk factor, lung cancer also affects non-smokers, necessitating new preventive strategies. The study suggests that using a small-molecule caspase-1 inhibitor—which can be administered orally—could offer a convenient long-term preventive treatment for high-risk individuals. This approach, referred to by lead author Sangeeta Bhatia as ‘cancer interception,’ aims to intervene before tumors become established.

The research builds on observations from the CANTOS clinical trial, where patients receiving treatments to target inflammatory pathways showed lower rates of lung cancer. Researchers now hope to test these inhibitors as preventive measures in humans at elevated risk.