Mosquito bite risk linked to CO2, body odor and genetics

Mosquitoes are drawn to people who exhale higher levels of carbon dioxide, produce more body heat and emit certain skin odors generated by bacteria. Studies show that adults, pregnant women, larger individuals and those who have recently exercised attract more bites because they release more CO₂ and warmth. Twin research indicates a hereditary component: identical twins receive similar numbers of bites, while fraternal twins differ more, pointing to genetic influence on body odor.

Blood type may play a role, with type O individuals bitten slightly more often than type A, though odor and CO₂ remain stronger factors. Alcohol consumption, especially beer, can increase attraction, possibly by altering body scent or temperature. Dark clothing such as black, navy or red is more visible to mosquitoes than light colours. Effective protection includes DEET or picaridin repellents, long‑sleeved clothing, window screens, mosquito nets and eliminating standing water where the insects breed.