Nail ridges and their potential links to health conditions

Nail ridges and striations can serve as indicators of various health conditions or natural physiological changes. While nails typically have a smooth, firm, and uniform surface, many individuals notice vertical or horizontal lines.

Vertical longitudinal ridges are often a common result of aging, which can reduce the nail's regenerative capacity and lead to dryness, loss of shine, and fragility. Other common causes for these marks include dehydration, insufficient nutrition, eczema, and repeated trauma to the nail matrix.

Medical experts suggest that while mild vertical lines are often benign, certain patterns require professional evaluation. Deep grooves, sudden appearances, or lines accompanied by changes in color, thickening, breakage, or deformities may be linked to iron or zinc deficiencies, skin diseases, or physical injury. For instance, the Cleveland Clinic notes that iron deficiency can be associated with longitudinal ridges and koilonychia.