Neanderthal dental care evidence found in Russia

Recent research published in the journal Plos One reveals evidence of dental intervention dating back approximately 59,000 years among Neanderthals. The findings stem from the study of a molar belonging to an individual identified as Chagyrskaya 64, discovered in the Chagyrskaya Cave within the Altai Mountains of Russia.

Analysis using macroscopic, microscopic, and microtomographic methods indicates that an unusual cavity on the tooth's surface was not caused by natural wear. Instead, researchers concluded it was a deliberate manipulation performed during life using a stone tool. The marks suggest a drilling or rotating motion intended to remove decayed tissue and reach the interior of the tooth. This represents the oldest documented evidence of an invasive procedure to treat dental caries. Additionally, the presence of grooves likely caused by a dental pick suggests that Neanderthals may have employed multiple strategies to manage oral health issues.