New golden coral species discovered off Costa Rica

Scientists have discovered a unique golden octocoral in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, off the coast of Costa Rica, that is so distinct it requires the establishment of an entirely new biological family, Laurinqueidae. The species, named Laurinque elenya, was found at depths between 360 and 529 meters near seamounts such as Gemelas 2.

The coral forms large, branching colonies that can exceed one meter in height and 1.2 meters in width. While the vibrant yellow color is striking in its natural habitat, the pigmentation disappears when specimens are preserved in alcohol. The colonies create complex three-dimensional habitats that support regional biodiversity, often surrounded by pink brittle stars.

Classification proved challenging because initial genetic testing using three standard markers yielded conflicting results, with each suggesting a different family. To resolve this, a research team led by Odalisca Breedy of the University of Costa Rica utilized phylogenomic analysis, examining hundreds of genetic regions. This comprehensive study confirmed that while the species is related to the Eunicellidae family, its unique anatomical and genetic traits justify its placement in the new Laurinqueidae family. The discovery was documented in the journal ZooKeys following expeditions conducted in 2019 and 2023 using the Schmidt Ocean Institute’s research vessels and the remotely operated vehicle SuBastian.