Niger and Mali endure ongoing instability three years after military coups

Three years after General Abdourahamane Tchiani seized power in Niger, the promised transition has deepened insecurity and economic distress. Jihadist attacks have intensified in the Tillabéry region, accounting for around 1,200 deaths in 2025 alone; a recent assault killed at least 16 soldiers and 15 militants. Residents report markets shut, villages abandoned, schools closed, and shortages of water, electricity and fuel. Analysts note that while some low‑income households have seen modest improvements, the overall situation remains dire.

In Mali, the African Union’s appeal for a return to constitutional order coincides with the third anniversary of its 2023 constitution, adopted after the 2020 overthrow of Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta. Despite the new charter, no presidential election has been held, and the transitional council continues to exercise legislative powers. Political analyst Oumar Sidibé warns that “a election does not weaken power, it establishes it,” and the election timeline has been repeatedly postponed, with legal provisions allowing the transition leader to remain in office indefinitely until “pacification” is achieved. The next credible presidential vote is not expected before 2030.