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[HEALTH] · Sweden, United States, Germany · 77 sources

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Nobel Prize in Medicine 2026 awarded to optogenetics pioneers

The 2026 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann, and Georg Nagel for their pioneering work in the development of optogenetics. This revolutionary technique allows scientists to control the activity of specific neurons using light, providing unprecedented precision in studying brain circuits.

The discovery originated from research into light-sensitive proteins called channelrhodopsins found in microorganisms like the algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Hegemann and Nagel identified and characterized these proteins, which act as ion channels that open when exposed to light. Deisseroth subsequently transformed this biological mechanism into a tool for neuroscience by introducing the corresponding genes into neurons, enabling the use of light pulses to activate or inhibit neural activity in living organisms.

This breakthrough has fundamentally changed how researchers investigate the biological basis of memory, emotions, behavior, and various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Beyond basic research, optogenetics is being explored in clinical applications, including efforts to restore vision in individuals with visual impairments.

Entities

Georg Nagel · Karl Deisseroth · Karolinska Institute · Karolinska Institutet · Peter Hegemann · Stanford University · optogenetics

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Una casa da Nobel [www.liberoquotidiano.it]