Northwestern University study identifies brain pathway driving cannabis-induced anxiety

Researchers at Northwestern University have identified a specific neural pathway that may explain why cannabinoids can trigger anxiety and fear instead of calm. In a study published in Nature Communications, scientists observed that a synthetic cannabinoid, similar to THC, caused mice to exhibit increased freezing and avoidance behaviors when exposed to a predator scent.

The study traced these reactions to somatostatin (SOM) neurons located in the central amygdala, a brain region responsible for processing threats. The researchers found that the drug does not force these fear-related cells to fire directly; instead, it weakens the brain’s natural inhibitory signals that normally act as a brake on these neurons. By removing this restraint, the drug allows the fear cells to become much easier to excite, leading to bursts of activity associated with panic responses.

While the study was conducted on mice, the findings provide a cellular framework for understanding potential human side effects. This is particularly relevant given rising cannabis use and existing data suggesting a link between cannabis-related emergency room visits and a higher risk of future anxiety disorders.