Nutrition guidelines for diabetes management in Vietnam

Doctors from the National Hospital of Endocrinology emphasize that proper nutrition is a fundamental pillar for controlling blood sugar and preventing complications in diabetic patients. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), there is no single diet that fits all patients; instead, nutritional plans must be individualized based on health status, energy needs, eating habits, and treatment methods.

Key dietary principles include maintaining a diverse and balanced intake rather than extreme restriction. Patients should control portion sizes and manage carbohydrate consumption. While foods like rice, noodles, and bread directly affect post-meal blood sugar, they should not be eliminated entirely. Instead, patients are encouraged to prioritize whole grains, legumes, and fiber-rich foods while limiting refined starches, sweets, and sugary drinks.

For protein, recommendations include lean meats, fish, poultry without skin, eggs, and tofu, while limiting fatty meats and processed products. Healthy fats from vegetable oils, fish, and nuts are preferred over animal fats and fried foods. Additionally, regular physical activity is recommended, with the World Health Organization (WHO) suggesting 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week for adults.