NVIDIA completes record 104-qubit quantum computing simulation on JUPITER

NVIDIA researchers have completed a record-breaking 104-qubit fault-tolerant quantum computing simulation using JUPITER, Europe’s first exascale supercomputer located at the Jülich Supercomputing Centre in Germany. The simulation, powered by 8,192 NVIDIA GH200 GPUs, represents the largest and most detailed comprehensive simulation of a fault-tolerant quantum processor to date.

A key outcome of the research is the validation of “magic state cultivation,” a method for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing. This approach is estimated to require 90% fewer physical qubits than traditional methods, such as magic state distillation, which can consume up to 95% of a quantum computer's resources. By simulating this process under realistic hardware noise conditions—including coherent phase errors and leakage—researchers can predict the performance of future quantum designs before they are physically built.

The ability to model these complex systems on classical supercomputers is expected to shorten the development timeline for practical quantum applications in fields such as drug discovery, financial modeling, and materials science. This work builds upon previous simulations at Jülich, including a 50-qubit run conducted in 2025 under ideal, noiseless conditions.