Oral health: Managing swelling and sudden tooth pain

Swelling under the jaw or near the ear can be caused by various factors, including salivary gland obstructions from stones or narrowing, autoimmune diseases, or benign and malignant tumors. If swelling and pain worsen during meals, it may indicate a blockage that prevents saliva from flowing properly. While infections are a common concern, symptoms such as skin redness, fever, or pus discharge specifically suggest a bacterial infection that may require antibiotics.

Sudden tooth pain can stem from cavities, chipped teeth, gingivitis, or dental abscesses. For temporary relief, health organizations like the American Dental Association and the NHS suggest rinsing with warm water or a salt solution, using dental floss to remove trapped food, and applying cold compresses to reduce swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers like paracetamol or ibuprofen can be used, though aspirin should be avoided by those under 16 and should never be placed directly on the gums to avoid tissue burns.

Medical attention is necessary if pain persists for more than two days, if pain relievers are ineffective, or if symptoms include difficulty chewing, red gums, bad taste in the mouth, fever, or significant swelling in the cheeks or jaw. A dental abscess, characterized by pus accumulation, can lead to intense pain, facial swelling, and high fever.