Osteoporosis risk factors and bone health assessment tools

Osteoporosis is a chronic condition characterized by a gradual decline in bone mineral density and mass, often remaining asymptomatic until a fracture occurs. According to the International Osteoporosis Foundation, one-third of women and one-fifth of men over age 50 will experience a bone fracture due to the disease.

Key risk factors include the natural aging process, menopause-related estrogen decline in women, and certain genetic factors prevalent in White and Asian populations. Lifestyle habits also significantly impact bone strength. These include insufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D, prolonged sitting, and neglecting strength training. Additionally, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and restrictive dieting can weaken bone structure and increase the likelihood of falls and fractures.