Overview of PCOS and endometriosis symptoms and diagnosis

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition characterized by irregular menstrual cycles and signs of excess androgen, such as acne and hirsutism. Diagnosis typically requires meeting at least two of the three Rotterdam criteria: infrequent or absent ovulation, clinical or laboratory signs of hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries visible via ultrasound. The condition can also be associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and infertility.

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological pathology where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, such as on the ovaries, peritoneum, intestines, or bladder. This tissue responds to hormonal cycles, causing inflammation and pain. Affecting approximately one in ten women of reproductive age, endometriosis often faces significant diagnostic delays, averaging between five and twelve years. Early recognition of symptoms is critical to managing the condition and mitigating impacts on fertility and overall well-being.