Pakistan communities use glacier grafting to combat water scarcity

In the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan, local communities are utilizing an indigenous technique known as glacier grafting, or “Gang Khswa,” to combat water scarcity caused by climate change.

As rising temperatures accelerate the melting of glaciers in the Himalaya and Karakoram mountain ranges, the natural runoff of meltwater is becoming unpredictable. This poses a significant risk to local ecosystems and reduces water availability during the spring and summer months when it is most needed for irrigation and livestock.

To adapt, communities perform a process colloquially called a “glacier wedding.” This involves collecting ice from “male” glaciers—which are typically grey and contain debris like sand and stones—and “female” glaciers to transplant them to a new, community-selected location. This method aims to create artificial glaciers that serve as reliable water sources for daily life and agriculture.