Parsley named among most toxic plants in Hamburg Botanical Garden contest

A 2023 contest organized by the Hamburg Botanical Garden ranked parsley as the most toxic plant due to toxins found in its seeds. The seeds contain the essential oil apiol, which can irritate smooth‑muscle tissue of the gastrointestinal tract, bladder or uterus when consumed in large amounts. The study stressed that the leaves and roots commonly used in Polish cooking are safe and remain rich sources of vitamins C, A, E, K and minerals.

The ranking sparked media interest because parsley is a staple garnish in soups, salads and sauces across Poland, yet the toxicity concerns apply only to the two‑year‑old seed heads that appear after flowering. Health experts advise that typical culinary use poses no risk.