Pet allergies: Understanding causes and common myths

Allergist Sofia Solidaki, scientific lead of the Allergy Department at Metropolitan General, clarifies common misconceptions regarding pet allergies. She notes that animal hair is not the primary cause of symptoms; instead, allergies are triggered by proteins found in saliva, urine, and dander (dead skin cells). Hair acts merely as a carrier that disperses these substances throughout a living space.

Common symptoms include continuous sneezing, nasal congestion, itchy or red eyes, coughing, shortness of breath, and skin rashes. Solidaki highlights that cat allergies are often more intense than dog allergies due to the high production of a specific protein known as Fel d1.

Several myths were addressed, including the idea that shaving a pet or restricting it to a single room can prevent allergies. Solidaki explains that proteins are present in skin and saliva, not just hair, and allergens easily spread through the air and onto clothing and furniture. While some breeds may produce fewer allergens, no animal is 100% hypoallergenic. To manage exposure, frequent cleaning with HEPA filter vacuums is recommended.