Pet allergies: Understanding the role of proteins and dander

Allergies to pets are often misunderstood, with many believing animal hair is the primary cause. However, according to allergist Sophia Solidaki of Metropolitan General, the actual culprits are proteins found in animal saliva, urine, and dander. Hair acts merely as a carrier that spreads these substances throughout a living space.

Cats frequently cause more intense symptoms than dogs due to the high production of a specific protein known as Fel d1. Common symptoms of pet allergies include continuous sneezing, nasal congestion, itchy or red eyes, coughing, shortness of breath, and skin rashes.

Experts clarify several common myths: shaving an animal does not prevent allergies because proteins remain in the skin and saliva; there are no truly hypoallergenic breeds, though some produce fewer allergens; and confining a pet to one room is often ineffective as allergens easily travel through the air and onto furniture. To manage exposure, experts recommend frequent cleaning with HEPA filter vacuum cleaners and ensuring proper ventilation in living areas.