Physiological factors influence difficulty of pull-ups for women

Pull-ups are a bodyweight exercise that targets the back, arms, and core. Research and physiological expertise suggest that, on average, the exercise is more difficult for women than for men due to several biological factors.

Leigh Breen, a professor and muscle physiology specialist at the University of Leicester, notes that women naturally have less muscle mass concentrated in the upper body. Additionally, women generally have a higher body fat percentage, which reduces the strength-to-weight ratio necessary to lift one's entire body weight. Anatomical differences, such as narrower shoulders and a lower center of gravity, also impact the mechanics of the movement.

Despite these statistical averages, Breen emphasizes that these are not definitive rules. Through consistent training, individuals can develop the necessary strength to master the exercise.