Poland alerts public to growing danger from deer louse flies and oak processionary caterpillars

Polish health and forest authorities warn that deer louse flies (also called "flying ticks") are common across Poland's woodlands. Adults are 3.5–5 mm long, attach to deer, elk and moose, and can bite humans, leaving itchy, painful lumps that may persist for months. Although they feed on blood, there is no confirmed transmission of Lyme disease to people.

The oak processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea processionea), a native nocturnal moth whose larvae form large, fluffy processions on oak trees, is experiencing a population surge linked to warmer winters and hotter, drier summers. The caterpillar's hairs release a toxic substance; contact can cause severe skin irritation, allergic reactions, respiratory problems, and the hairs can be propelled up to several kilometres by wind. Forest officials advise the public not to touch or approach the insects, to wear protective clothing, and to inspect clothing and skin after forest visits.