Poland distinguishes between e-dowód and mDowód identity documents

In Poland, citizens can confirm their identity using two distinct digital and physical methods: the e-dowód and the mDowód. While both serve to verify identity, they are not interchangeable in all situations.

The e-dowód is a physical plastic ID card issued since 2019 that includes an electronic chip. This chip allows for electronic identity verification and access to various public administration services online. To use its electronic features with a smartphone, a device with an NFC module and a compatible application, such as eDO App, is required. The e-dowód remains a full identity document and can be used for travel to countries that recognize Polish ID cards.

The mDowód is a purely digital identity document available through the mObywatel mobile application. Unlike the e-dowód, it does not have a physical plastic counterpart.