Primary hyperparathyroidism: Symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a condition where one or more parathyroid glands produce excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH) without the body's normal regulatory control. This overproduction typically leads to increased calcium levels in the blood, a condition known as hypercalcemia, which can result in various symptoms and complications.

According to endocrinologist Konstantinos Segkos, Director at Metropolitan General, accurate diagnosis is critical. When appropriate indications are present, parathyroidectomy—the surgical removal of the pathological parathyroid gland—serves as the definitive treatment. This process requires careful endocrinological evaluation and precise preoperative planning.

The parathyroid glands are microscopic endocrine glands that play a fundamental role in regulating calcium levels. While there are usually four glands located behind the thyroid, anatomical variations exist, and some may be located in unusual positions such as the neck or thorax.