Quantum computing threats drive push for post-quantum cryptography

Organizations are being urged to prepare for the cybersecurity threats posed by quantum computing, specifically addressing the risk of “Harvest Now, Decrypt Later” attacks. In these scenarios, adversaries collect encrypted data today with the intention of decrypting it once sufficiently powerful quantum computers become available.

Experts emphasize that quantum readiness should be treated as a continuous strategic process rather than a one-time project. This involves building crypto-agile infrastructures capable of replacing algorithms as post-quantum standards evolve. Key technical shifts include moving away from traditional public-key systems like RSA and ECC, which are vulnerable to quantum algorithms that can solve complex mathematical problems more efficiently than classical computers.

Regulatory and standard-setting bodies are already providing guidance. The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has defined several post-quantum cryptography standards, including FIPS 203, 204, and 205. In Germany, the Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) recommends transitioning to post-quantum cryptography for highly sensitive data by the end of 2030. Recommended organizational actions include conducting full cryptographic inventories to identify vulnerable assets and testing new algorithms in non-production environments to manage changes in system performance and computational load.